This comprehensive learning activity explores Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a potentially blinding eye disorder affecting premature infants. It covers the pathophysiology of ROP, risk factors, classification, screening protocols, diagnosis techniques, treatment options, and long-term follow-up care. The learning activity emphasizes the critical role of nursing professionals in managing ROP, from prevention and early detection to family education and support. It provides detailed information on current best practices in neonatal care related to ROP, making it a valuable resource for healthcare professionals working with premature infants.